Calcitonin Salmon 200 Unt/ml Injectable Solution
- 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
- 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
- 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
- 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
- 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
- 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
- 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
- 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
- 10 OVERDOSAGE
- 11 DESCRIPTION
- 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
- 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
- 14 CLINICAL STUDIES
- 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
- 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone
1.2 Treatment of Hypercalcemia
1.3 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
1.4 Important Limitations of Use
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Paget’s Disease of Bone
2.2 Hypercalcemia
2.3 Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
2.4 Preparation and Administration
If the volume of calcitonin salmon injection to be injected exceeds 2 mL, intramuscular injection is preferable and the total dose should be distributed across multiple sites of injection.
Instruct patients to use sterile injection technique when administering calcitonin salmon injection, and to dispose of needles properly.
2.5 Recommendations for Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions
For patients with suspected hypersensitivity to calcitonin salmon, skin testing should be considered prior to treatment utilizing a dilute, sterile solution of calcitonin salmon injection.
Healthcare providers may wish to refer patients who require skin testing to an allergist.
5.2 Hypocalcemia
5.3 Malignancy
5.4 Antibody Formation
5.5 Urine Sediment Abnormalities
Periodic examinations of urine sediment should be considered.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
- Hypersensitivity Reactions, including anaphylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions (
5.1 )] - Hypocalcemia[see Warnings and Precautions (
5.2 )] - Malignancy [see Warnings and Precautions (
5.3 )]
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
The safety of calcitonin salmon injection was assessed in open-label trials several months to two years in duration. The most common adverse reactions are discussed below.
Nausea
Nausea with or without vomiting has been noted in about 10% of patients treated with calcitonin salmon. It is most evident when treatment is first initiated and tends to decrease or disappear with continued administration.
Dermatologic Reactions
Local inflammatory reactions at the site of subcutaneous or intramuscular injection have been reported in about 10% of patients. Flushing of face or hands occurred in about 2% to 5% of patients. Skin rashes and pruritus of the ear lobes have also been reported.
Other Adverse Reactions
Nocturia, feverish sensation, pain in the eyes, poor appetite, abdominal pain, pedal edema, and salty taste have been reported in patients treated with calcitonin salmon injection.
Malignancy
A meta-analysis of 21 randomized, controlled clinical trials with calcitonin salmon (nasal spray or investigational oral formulations) was conducted to assess the risk of malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. The trials in the meta-analysis ranged in duration from 6 months to 5 years and included a total of 10883 patients (6151 treated with calcitonin salmon and 4732 treated with placebo). The overall incidence of malignancies reported in these 21 trials was higher among calcitonin salmon-treated patients (254/6151 or 4.1%) compared with placebo-treated patients (137/4732 or 2.9%). Findings were similar when analyses were restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials [calcitonin salmon 122/2712 (4.5%); placebo 30/1309 (2.3%)].
The meta-analysis results suggest an increased risk of overall malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients when all 21 trials are included and when the analysis is restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials (see Table 1). It is not possible to exclude an increased risk when calcitonin salmon is administered by the subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous route because these routes of administration were not investigated in the meta-analysis. The increased malignancy risk seen with the meta-analysis was heavily influenced by a single large 5-year trial, which had an observed risk difference of 3.4% [95% CI (0.4%, 6.5%)]. Imbalances in risks were still observed when analyses excluded basal cell carcinoma (see Table 1); the data were not sufficient for further analyses by type of malignancy. A mechanism for these observations has not been identified. Although a definitive causal relationship between calcitonin salmon use and malignancies cannot be established from this meta-analysis, the benefits for the individual patient should be carefully evaluated against all possible risks [see Warnings and Precautions (
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Patients
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Malignancies
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Risk Difference* (%)
|
95% Confidence Interval† (%)
|
| All (nasal spray + oral) |
All |
1.0 |
(0.3, 1.6) |
| All (nasal spray + oral) |
Excluding basal cell carcinoma |
0.5 |
(-0.1, 1.2) |
| All (nasal spray only) |
All |
1.4 |
(0.3, 2.6) |
| All (nasal spray only) |
Excluding basal cell carcinoma |
0.8 |
(-0.2, 1.8) |
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of calcitonin salmon injection.
Allergic / Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients receiving calcitonin salmon injection, e.g., bronchospasm, swelling of the tongue or throat, anaphylactic shock, and death due to anaphylaxis.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders : Urticaria
Hypocalcemia : Hypocalcemia with tetany (i.e. muscle cramps, twitching) and seizure activity have been reported.
Body as a Whole: influenza-like symptoms, fatigue, edema (facial, peripheral, and generalized)
Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain
Cardiovascular: hypertension
Gastrointestinal: abdominal pain, diarrhea
Urinary System: polyuria
Nervous System: dizziness, headache, paresthesia, tremor
Vision: visual disturbance
6.3 Immunogenicity
The incidence of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of a positive antibody test result may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of antibodies among different calcitonin salmon products may be misleading.
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
Concomitant use of calcitonin salmon and lithium may lead to a reduction in plasma lithium concentrations due to increased urinary clearance of lithium. The dose of lithium may require adjustment.
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
There are no studies with calcitonin salmon injection in pregnant women to inform a drug associated risk for birth defects or miscarriage. In an animal reproduction study, subcutaneous administration of calcitonin salmon to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at 4-18 times the recommended parenteral human dose caused a decrease in fetal birth weights. No adverse developmental outcome was observed in the rat with subcutaneous administration of calcitonin salmon at 9 times the recommended human parenteral dose based on body surface area (see Data).
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
Data
Animal Data
Calcitonin salmon has been shown to cause a decrease in fetal birth weights in rabbits when given by subcutaneous injection in doses 4 to 18 times the parenteral dose recommended for human use (of 54 International Units/m2).
No embryo/fetal toxicities related to calcitonin salmon were reported from maternal subcutaneous daily doses in rats up to 80 International Units/kg/day from gestation day 6 to 15.
8.2 Lactation
There is no information on the presence of calcitonin salmon in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. Calcitonin has been shown to inhibit lactation in rats. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for calcitonin salmon injection and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from calcitonin salmon injection or from the underlying maternal condition.
8.4 Pediatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use
10 OVERDOSAGE
A dose of calcitonin salmon l000 International Units subcutaneously may produce nausea and vomiting. Doses of 32 International Units per kg per day for 1 to 2 days demonstrate no other adverse effects. Data on chronic high-dose administration are insufficient to assess toxicity.
11 DESCRIPTION
Calcitonin salmon injection, USP, synthetic is a synthetic polypeptide of 32 amino acids in the same linear sequence that is found in calcitonin of salmon origin. This is shown by the following graphic formula:
Inactive Ingredients (per mL): acetic acid, USP, 2.25 mg; phenol, USP, 5 mg; sodium acetate trihydrate, USP, 2 mg; sodium chloride, USP, 7.5 mg; water for injection, USP.
The activity of calcitonin salmon injection is stated in International Units based on bioassay in comparison with the International Reference Preparation of calcitonin salmon for Bioassay, distributed by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Holy Hill, London.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
The actions of calcitonin on bone and its role in normal human bone physiology are still not completely elucidated, although calcitonin receptors have been discovered in osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Single injections of calcitonin salmon caused a marked transient inhibition of the ongoing bone resorptive process. With prolonged use, there is a persistent, smaller decrease in the rate of bone resorption. Histologically, this is associated with a decreased number of osteoclasts and an apparent decrease in their resorptive activity.
In healthy adults, who have a relatively low rate of bone resorption, the administration of exogenous calcitonin salmon results in decreases in serum calcium within the limits of the normal range. In healthy children and in patients whose bone resorption is more rapid, decreases in serum calcium are more pronounced in response to calcitonin salmon.
Kidney
Studies with injectable calcitonin salmon show increases in the excretion of filtered phosphate, calcium, and sodium by decreasing their tubular reabsorption.
Gastrointestinal Tract
Some evidence from studies with injectable preparations suggests that calcitonin salmon may have effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Short-term administration of injectable calcitonin salmon results in marked transient decreases in the volume and acidity of gastric juice and in the volume and the trypsin and amylase content of pancreatic juice.
Whether these effects continue to be elicited after each injection of calcitonin salmon during chronic therapy has not been investigated.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
The incidence of pituitary adenomas was increased in rats after one and two years of subcutaneous exposure to synthetic calcitonin salmon. The significance of this finding to humans is unknown because pituitary adenomas are very common in rats as they age, the pituitary adenomas did not transform into metastatic tumors, there were no other clear treatment-related neoplasms, and synthetic calcitonin salmon related neoplasms were not observed in mice after two years of dosing.
Rat findings
The only clear neoplastic finding in rats dosed subcutaneously with calcitonin salmon was an increase in the incidence of pituitary adenomas in male Fisher 344 rats and female Sprague Dawley rats after one year of dosing and male Sprague Dawley rats dosed for one and two years. In female Sprague Dawley rats, the incidence of pituitary adenomas after two years was high in all treatment groups (between 80% and 92% including the control groups) such that a treatment-related effect could not be distinguished from natural background incidence. The lowest dose in male Sprague Dawley rats that developed an increased incidence of pituitary adenomas after two years of dosing (1.7 International Units/kg/day) is approximately 1/6th of the maximum recommended subcutaneous dose in humans (100 International Units/day) based on body surface area conversion between rats and humans. The findings suggest that calcitonin salmon reduced the latency period for development of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
Mouse findings
No carcinogenicity potential was evident in male or female mice dosed subcutaneously for two years with synthetic calcitonin salmon at doses up to 800 International Units/kg/day. The 800 International Units/kg/day dose is approximately 39 times the maximum recommended subcutaneous dose in humans (100 International Units/day) based on body surface area conversion between mice and humans.
Mutagenesis
Synthetic calcitonin salmon tested negative for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium (5 strains) and Escherichia coli (2 strains), with and without rat liver metabolic activation, and was not clastogenic in a chromosome aberration test in Chinese Hamster V79 cells. There was no evidence that calcitonin salmon was clastogenic in the in vivo mouse micronucleus test.
Fertility
Effects of calcitonin salmon on fertility have not been assessed in animals.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Paget’s Disease of Bone
Hearing loss is improved infrequently (4 of 29 patients studied by audiometry). Patients with increased cardiac output due to extensive Paget's disease of bone have had measured decreases in cardiac output while receiving calcitonin salmon. The number of treated patients in this category is too small to predict how likely such a result will be.
There is no evidence that the prophylactic use of calcitonin salmon is beneficial in asymptomatic patients.
14.2 Hypercalcemia
These patients were treated with calcitonin salmon only when other methods of lowering serum calcium (hydration, oral phosphate, corticosteroids) were unsuccessful or unsuitable. With patients' pre-therapy serum calcium levels as controls, reduction in serum calcium was evident within 1 to 2 hours of administration. The peak effect occurred within 24 to 48 hours of injection and administration of calcitonin salmon every 12 hours maintained a hypocalcemic effect for approximately 5 to 8 days, the time period evaluated for most patients in the clinical trials. The average reduction of 8-hour post-injection serum calcium was approximately 9% (2 to 3 mg/dL). Patients with higher values of serum calcium tended to show greater reductions during calcitonin salmon treatment.
14.3 Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
In both studies, total body calcium increased from baseline with calcitonin salmon therapy at 1 year, followed by a trend to decreasing total body calcium (still above baseline) at 2 years.
Thoracic and lumbar spine X-rays (AP/lateral) were obtained yearly. For the two studies combined (34 calcitonin salmon and 35 control subjects), in the first year there was a total of 6 new vertebral compression fractures in the calcitonin salmon group and 5 in the control group. In the second year there were 7 new fractures in each group.
No evidence currently exists to indicate whether calcitonin salmon injection decreases the risk of osteoporotic fracture. A controlled study, which was prematurely discontinued, failed to demonstrate any benefit of calcitonin salmon on fracture rate.
No adequate controlled trials have examined the effect of calcitonin salmon injection on vertebral bone mineral density beyond 1 year of treatment. Therefore, the minimum effective dose of calcitonin salmon injection for prevention of vertebral bone mineral density loss has not been established.
In clinical studies of postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone biopsy and radial bone mass assessments at baseline and after 26 months of daily injectable calcitonin salmon indicate that calcitonin therapy results in the formation of normal bone.
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
Calcitonin salmon injection, USP, synthetic is available as a clear, colorless, sterile solution in individual 2 mL multiple-dose vials containing 200 USP Units per mL.
NDC 70710-1875-1
carton containing 1 x 2 mL multiple-dose vial
Storage and Handling
Store in a refrigerator between 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F).
Protect from freezing.
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
- Instruct patients and other persons who may administer calcitonin salmon injection in sterile injection technique. Also instruct patients to dispose of needles properly [see Dosage and Administration (
2.4 )]. - Inform patients of the potential increase in risk of malignancy [see Warnings and Precautions (
5.3 )]. - Advise patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis or Paget's disease of bone to maintain an adequate calcium (at least 1000 mg elemental calcium per day) and vitamin D (at least 400 International Units per day) intake [see Dosage and Administration (
2.5 )]. - Instruct patients to seek emergency medical help or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if they develop any signs or symptoms of a serious allergic reaction [see Warnings and Precautions (
5.1 )].
Zydus Lifesciences Ltd.
Vadodara - 391510, India.
Distributed by:
Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc.
Pennington, NJ 08534
Rev: 05/23
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
Calcitonin Salmon Injection, USP, Synthetic
400 USP Units/2 mL (200 USP Units/mL)
For Intramuscular or Subcutaneous Use
2 mL Multiple-Dose vial
Rx only