1 Ml Guselkumab 100 Mg/ml Auto-injector

1.1 Plaque Psoriasis

TREMFYA is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who also weigh at least 40 kg with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy.

1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis

TREMFYA is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who also weigh at least 40 kg with active psoriatic arthritis.

1.3 Ulcerative Colitis

TREMFYA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.

1.4 Crohn's Disease

TREMFYA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease.

2.1 Recommended Evaluations and Immunizations Prior to Treatment Initiation

2.2 Recommended Dosage for Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis

Administer TREMFYA by subcutaneous injection at Week 0, Week 4, and every 8 weeks thereafter.

Adults

The recommended dosage is 100 mg.

Pediatric Patients 6 Years of Age and Older Who Also Weigh at Least 40 kg

The recommended dosage is 100 mg.

2.3 Recommended Dosage for Active Psoriatic Arthritis

Administer TREMFYA by subcutaneous injection at Week 0, Week 4, and every 8 weeks thereafter.

TREMFYA may be administered alone or in combination with a conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (e.g., methotrexate).

Adults

The recommended dosage is 100 mg.

Pediatric Patients 6 Years of Age and Older Who Also Weigh at Least 40 kg

The recommended dosage is 100 mg.

2.4 Recommended Dosage for Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease

Adults

Induction:

The recommended induction dosage of TREMFYA is:

Maintenance:

The recommended maintenance dosage of TREMFYA is:

Use the lowest effective recommended dosage to maintain therapeutic response.

2.5 Preparation and Administration Instructions for Subcutaneous Injection

TREMFYA is available for subcutaneous use in the following presentations: prefilled pen (TREMFYA PEN), One-Press injector, and prefilled syringes [see Dosage Forms and Strengths (3) and How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)].

2.6 Preparation and Administration Instructions for Intravenous Infusion (Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease)

Preparation Instructions:

Administration Instructions:

Storage of Diluted Solution:

5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported with post market use of TREMFYA. Some cases required hospitalization. If a serious hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue TREMFYA and initiate appropriate therapy.

5.2 Infections

TREMFYA may increase the risk of infection [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In placebo-controlled clinical trials of up to 48 weeks in subjects with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, serious infections occurred in ≤ 2% of subjects who received TREMFYA. In the 16-week placebo-controlled trials in subjects with plaque psoriasis, the rate of serious infections for the TREMFYA group and the placebo group was ≤ 0.2%. A similar rate of serious infections was seen in placebo-controlled trials in subjects with psoriatic arthritis. The overall rates of infections were similar between subjects in the TREMFYA groups and subjects in the placebo groups in clinical trials for all indicated populations [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Treatment with TREMFYA should not be initiated in patients with any clinically important active infection until the infection resolves or is adequately treated.

In patients with a chronic infection or a history of recurrent infection, consider the risks and benefits prior to prescribing TREMFYA. Instruct patients to seek medical help if signs or symptoms of clinically important chronic or acute infection occur. If a patient develops a clinically important or serious infection or is not responding to standard therapy, monitor the patient closely and discontinue TREMFYA until the infection resolves.

5.3 Tuberculosis

Evaluate patients for tuberculosis (TB) infection prior to initiating TREMFYA treatment. Do not administer TREMFYA to patients with active TB infection. Initiate treatment of latent TB prior to administering TREMFYA. Consider anti-TB therapy prior to initiating TREMFYA in patients with a past history of latent or active TB in whom an adequate course of treatment cannot be confirmed. Monitor all patients for signs and symptoms of active TB during and after TREMFYA treatment.

In clinical trials, 105 subjects with plaque psoriasis, 143 subjects with psoriatic arthritis, 43 subjects with ulcerative colitis, and 36 subjects with Crohn's disease with latent TB who were concurrently treated with TREMFYA and appropriate TB prophylaxis did not develop active TB. In clinical trials of TREMFYA in subjects with Crohn's disease, active TB was reported in 2 subjects during treatment with TREMFYA [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

5.4 Hepatotoxicity

A serious adverse reaction of drug-induced liver injury was reported in a clinical trial subject with Crohn's disease following three doses of a higher than the recommended induction regimen. This subject had peak alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 18× the upper limit of normal (ULN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 11× ULN, and total bilirubin of 2.4× ULN. TREMFYA was subsequently discontinued, and the liver test abnormalities resolved following administration of corticosteroids [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, evaluate liver enzymes and bilirubin at baseline, for at least 16 weeks of treatment, and periodically thereafter according to routine patient management.

In patients with plaque psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis, if clinically indicated, evaluate liver enzymes and bilirubin at baseline, and periodically thereafter according to routine patient management.

Consider other treatment options in patients with evidence of acute liver disease or cirrhosis. Prompt investigation of the cause of liver enzyme elevation is recommended to identify potential cases of drug-induced liver injury. Interrupt treatment if drug-induced liver injury is suspected, until this diagnosis is excluded. Instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention if they experience symptoms suggestive of hepatic dysfunction.

5.5 Immunizations

Avoid use of live vaccines in patients treated with TREMFYA. Medications that interact with the immune system may increase the risk of infection following administration of live vaccines. Prior to initiating therapy with TREMFYA, complete all age-appropriate vaccinations according to current immunization guidelines. No data are available on the response to live or inactivated vaccines.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse Reactions in Adults with Plaque Psoriasis

In clinical trials, a total of 1823 adult subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis received TREMFYA. Of these, 1393 subjects were exposed to TREMFYA for at least 6 months and 728 subjects were exposed for at least 1 year.

Data from two placebo- and active-controlled trials (PsO1 and PsO2) in 1441 subjects (mean age 44 years; 70% males; 82% white) were pooled to evaluate the safety of TREMFYA (100 mg administered subcutaneously at Weeks 0 and 4, followed by every 8 weeks).

Weeks 0 to 16:

In the 16-week placebo-controlled period of the pooled clinical trials (PsO1 and PsO2), adverse events occurred in 49% of subjects in the TREMFYA group compared to 47% of subjects in the placebo group and 49% of subjects in the U.S. licensed adalimumab group. Serious adverse events occurred in 1.9% of subjects in the TREMFYA group (6.3 events per 100 patient-years of follow-up) compared to 1.4% of subjects in the placebo group (4.7 events per 100 patient-years of follow-up), and in 2.6% of subjects in U.S. licensed adalimumab group (9.9 events per 100 patient-years of follow-up).

Table 1 summarizes the adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of at least 1% and at a higher rate in the TREMFYA group than in the placebo group during the 16-week placebo-controlled period.

Adverse reactions that occurred in < 1% but > 0.1% of subjects in the TREMFYA group and at a higher rate than in the placebo group through Week 16 in trials PsO1 and PsO2 were migraine, candida infections, and urticaria.

Specific Adverse Reactions

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Subjects with Plaque Psoriasis

The safety of TREMFYA was studied in one placebo- and active-controlled clinical trial (PsO5) that included 120 pediatric subjects 6 years of age and older with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. The safety profile observed in pediatric subjects 6 years of age and older treated with TREMFYA up to 52 weeks was consistent with the safety profile observed in adult subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Adverse Reactions in Adults with Psoriatic Arthritis

TREMFYA was studied in two placebo-controlled trials (PsA1 and PsA2) in adult subjects with psoriatic arthritis (748 subjects on TREMFYA and 372 subjects on placebo). Of the 748 subjects who received TREMFYA, 375 subjects received TREMFYA 100 mg at Week 0, Week 4, and every 8 weeks (q8w) thereafter and 373 subjects received TREMFYA 100 mg every 4 weeks (q4w). The overall safety profile observed in adult subjects with psoriatic arthritis treated with TREMFYA is generally consistent with the safety profile in adult subjects with plaque psoriasis with the addition of bronchitis and neutrophil count decreased. In the 24-week placebo-controlled period, combined across the two studies, bronchitis occurred in 1.6% of subjects in the TREMFYA q8w group and 2.9% of subjects in the TREMFYA q4w group compared with 1.1% of subjects in the placebo group. Neutrophil count decreased occurred in 0.3% of subjects in the TREMFYA q8w and 1.6% of subjects in the TREMFYA q4w group compared with 0% of subjects in the placebo group. The majority of events of neutrophil count decreased were mild, transient, not associated with infection and did not lead to discontinuation. A similar risk of infection and serious infections was seen in placebo-controlled trials in subjects with psoriatic arthritis as in subjects with plaque psoriasis.

TREMFYA was additionally studied in a placebo-controlled trial (PsA3) in 1054 subjects with psoriatic arthritis (668 subjects on TREMFYA and 386 subjects on placebo). Of the 668 subjects who received TREMFYA, 388 subjects received TREMFYA 100 mg at Week 0, Week 4, and q8w thereafter and 280 subjects received TREMFYA 100 mg q4w. The overall safety profile observed in subjects with psoriatic arthritis treated with TREMFYA in trial PsA3 is consistent with the safety profile observed in trials PsA1 and PsA2.

Specific Adverse Reactions

Adverse Reactions in Adults with Ulcerative Colitis

TREMFYA was studied up to 12 weeks in adult subjects with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled induction trial (UC1) and a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, induction dose-finding trial (UC3; NCT04033445). Long-term safety up to 44 weeks was evaluated in subjects who responded to induction therapy in trials UC1 or UC3 in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled maintenance trial (UC2). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (UC4), subjects received subcutaneous TREMFYA at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by one of two recommended subcutaneous TREMFYA dosing regimens for a total duration of up to 24 weeks [see Clinical Studies (14.3)].

Trials UC1, UC2 and UC3

In the induction trials (UC1 and UC3), 522 subjects received at least one dose of the TREMFYA intravenous induction regimen (i.e., 200 mg at Week 0, Week 4, and Week 8). Clinical response was defined as a decrease in modified Mayo score (mMS) of ≥30% and ≥2 points from baseline with either a ≥1 decrease from baseline in rectal bleeding subscore (RBS) or RBS of 0 or 1. In the maintenance trial (UC2), subjects who achieved clinical response after 12 weeks of TREMFYA intravenous induction treatment were randomized and received either TREMFYA 100 mg every 8 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 4 of trial UC2) or TREMFYA 200 mg every 4 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 0 of trial UC2), by subcutaneous (SC) injection for up to an additional 44 weeks.

Respiratory tract infections occurred in ≥2% of subjects treated with TREMFYA and at a higher rate than placebo (8.8% TREMFYA-treated subjects vs. 7.3% placebo-treated subjects) through Week 12 in the induction trials (UC1 and UC3). Respiratory tract infections included COVID-19, influenza, nasopharyngitis, respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, and viral respiratory tract infection.

Adverse reactions that occurred in ≥3% of subjects treated with TREMFYA and at a higher rate than placebo through Week 44 in the maintenance trial (UC2) are shown in Table 2.

Trial UC4

In trial UC4, 418 subjects were enrolled, of whom 279 subjects were randomized to receive TREMFYA. Randomization was 1:1:1 to subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 100 mg every 8 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 16) for up to an additional 8 weeks (from Week 16 through Week 24); subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 200 mg every 4 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 12 for up to an additional 12 weeks (from Week 12 through Week 24); or placebo.

Adverse reactions reported in trial UC4 through Week 24 in ≥3% of subjects treated with either subcutaneous TREMFYA dosing regimen and at a higher rate than placebo are shown in Table 3.

Specific Adverse Reactions

Infections

In the 44-week trial (UC2), serious infections occurred in 0.8% of subjects treated with TREMFYA versus 0% of subjects in the placebo group. In the 24-week trial (UC4), serious infections occurred in 1.8% of subjects treated with TREMFYA versus 0.7% of subjects in the placebo group.

Adverse Reactions in Adults with Crohn's Disease

TREMFYA was studied in four clinical trials in adult subjects with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease [see Clinical Studies (14.4)]. In two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (CD1, CD2) and one randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging trial (CD4, NCT03466411); subjects received intravenous TREMFYA at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by one of two recommended subcutaneous TREMFYA dosing regimens for a total duration of up to 48 weeks. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (CD3); subjects received subcutaneous TREMFYA at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by one of two recommended subcutaneous TREMFYA dosing regimens for a total duration of up to 48 weeks.

Trials CD1, CD2, and CD4

In trials CD1, CD2, and CD4; 1349 subjects were enrolled, of whom 649 were randomized to intravenous TREMFYA 200 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by either subcutaneous TREMFYA 100 mg every 8 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 16) for up to an additional 32 weeks (from Week 16 through Week 48) or subcutaneous TREMFYA 200 mg every 4 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 12) for up to an additional 36 weeks (from Week 12 through Week 48); and 211 subjects were randomized to receive placebo.

Through Week 12 in trials CD1, CD2, and CD4; headache (including headache, migraine, and sinus headache) was reported in ≥3% of subjects treated with intravenous TREMFYA and at a greater rate than placebo (3.4% TREMFYA-treated subjects vs. 1.9% placebo-treated subjects). In TREMFYA-treated subjects in trial CD2, one case of active extrapulmonary TB was reported between Weeks 12–48 and one case of active pulmonary TB was reported after Week 48. Both subjects had negative baseline screenings and resided in TB-endemic regions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. In general, the safety profile in subjects treated with subcutaneous TREMFYA from Week 12 up to Week 48 in these trials was generally similar to that reported with intravenous TREMFYA through Week 12.

Trial CD3

In trial CD3, 347 subjects were enrolled, of whom 230 subjects were randomized to receive TREMFYA. Randomization was 1:1:1 to subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 100 mg every 8 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 16) for up to an additional 32 weeks (from Week 16 through Week 48); subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 200 mg every 4 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 12) for up to an additional 36 weeks (from Week 12 through Week 48); or placebo.

Adverse reactions reported in trial CD3 through Week 48 in ≥3% of subjects treated with either subcutaneous TREMFYA dosing regimen and at a higher rate than placebo are shown in Table 4.

Specific Adverse Reactions

Infections

In the 48-week clinical trial in subjects with Crohn's disease (CD3), serious infections occurred in 1.5% of subjects treated with TREMFYA versus 0% of subjects in the placebo group.

Elevated Liver Enzymes

Through Week 12 in CD1, CD2, and CD4; ALT ≥5× ULN was reported in 2/645 (0.3%) subjects treated with intravenous TREMFYA 200 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 and 0/211 subjects treated with placebo. These elevations occurred without concomitant elevations in total bilirubin.

Through Week 48 in CD3, ALT ≥5× ULN was reported in 0/115 subjects treated with subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 100 mg every 8 weeks; 2/115 (1.7%) subjects treated with subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 200 mg every 4 weeks; and 0/117 subjects treated with placebo. These elevations occurred without concomitant elevations in total bilirubin.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval of TREMFYA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to TREMFYA exposure.

7.1 CYP450 Substrates

The formation of CYP450 enzymes can be altered by increased levels of certain cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, interferon) during chronic inflammation.

Results from an exploratory drug-drug interaction trial in subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis suggested a low potential for clinically relevant drug interactions for drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 but the interaction potential cannot be ruled out for drugs metabolized by CYP2D6. However, the results were highly variable because of the limited number of subjects in the trial.

Upon initiation of TREMFYA in patients who are receiving concomitant CYP450 substrates, particularly those with a narrow therapeutic index, consider monitoring for therapeutic effect or drug concentration and consider dosage adjustment as needed [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Exposure Registry

There is a pregnancy registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to TREMFYA during pregnancy. Patients should be encouraged to enroll in the registry by visiting www.mothertobaby.org/ongoing-study/tremfya-guselkumab, by calling 1-877-311-8972, or emailing [email protected].

Risk Summary

Available data from literature, post-marketing reports, and ongoing pregnancy registry with TREMFYA use in pregnant women are insufficient to establish a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Monoclonal antibodies are actively transported across the placenta (see Clinical Considerations).

In a combined embryofetal development and pre- and post-natal development study, no adverse developmental effects were observed in infants born to pregnant monkeys after subcutaneous administration of guselkumab during organogenesis through parturition at doses up to 18 times the exposure (AUC) in humans administered 200 mg intravenously and 16 times the exposure (AUC) to the 400 mg dose given subcutaneously. Neonatal deaths in monkeys were observed at 4 to 18 times the exposure (AUC) in humans administered 200 mg intravenously and 4 to 16 times the exposure (AUC) to the 400 mg dose given subcutaneously (see Data). The clinical significance of these nonclinical findings is unknown.

All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

8.2 Lactation

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of guselkumab in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Guselkumab was not detected in the milk of lactating cynomolgus monkeys. Endogenous maternal IgG and monoclonal antibodies are transferred into human milk.

The effects of local gastrointestinal exposure and the extent of systemic exposure in the breastfed infant to guselkumab are unknown. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for TREMFYA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from TREMFYA or from the underlying maternal condition.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Plaque Psoriasis

The safety and effectiveness of TREMFYA for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis have been established in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Clinical Studies (14.1)].

The safety and effectiveness of TREMFYA have not been established in pediatric patients with plaque psoriasis who are younger than 6 years of age.

Psoriatic Arthritis

The safety and effectiveness of TREMFYA have been established for treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older.

Use of TREMFYA in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well controlled trials of TREMFYA in adults with plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, pharmacokinetic data from adult subjects with plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and pediatric subjects with plaque psoriasis, and safety data from a clinical trial in 120 subjects 6 to 17 years of age with plaque psoriasis. The observed pre-dose (trough) concentrations are generally comparable between adult subjects with plaque psoriasis, adult subjects with psoriatic arthritis and pediatric subjects with plaque psoriasis, and the systemic exposure is expected to be comparable between adult and pediatric patients with psoriatic arthritis [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) , and Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.2)].

The safety and effectiveness of TREMFYA have not been established in pediatric patients with psoriatic arthritis who are younger than 6 years of age.

Ulcerative Colitis

The safety and effectiveness of TREMFYA have not been established in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis.

Crohn's Disease

The safety and effectiveness of TREMFYA have not been established in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Of the 6418 subjects with plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease exposed to TREMFYA, a total of 489 subjects were 65 years or older, and 55 subjects were 75 years or older. Clinical studies of TREMFYA, within each indication, did not include sufficient numbers of subjects 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger adult subjects.

No clinically meaningful differences in the pharmacokinetics of guselkumab were observed based on age [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Guselkumab is a human monoclonal IgG1λ antibody that selectively binds to the p19 subunit of interleukin 23 (IL-23) and inhibits its interaction with the IL-23 receptor. IL-23 is a naturally occurring cytokine that is involved in normal inflammatory and immune responses. Guselkumab inhibits the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

In evaluated adult subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, guselkumab reduced serum levels of IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22 relative to pre-treatment levels based on exploratory analyses of the pharmacodynamic markers.

In evaluated adult subjects with active psoriatic arthritis, serum levels of acute phase proteins C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and IL-6, and Th17 effector cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22 were elevated at baseline. Serum levels of these proteins measured at Week 4 and Week 24 were decreased compared to baseline following guselkumab treatment at Week 0, Week 4, and every 8 weeks thereafter.

The relationship between these pharmacodynamic markers and the mechanism(s) by which guselkumab exerts its clinical effects is unknown.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Guselkumab exhibited linear pharmacokinetics in healthy adult subjects and adult subjects with plaque psoriasis following subcutaneous injections. In subjects with plaque psoriasis, following subcutaneous administration of 100 mg of TREMFYA at Weeks 0 and 4, and every 8 weeks thereafter, mean steady-state trough serum guselkumab concentration was approximately 1.2 mcg/mL.

The pharmacokinetics of guselkumab in adult subjects with psoriatic arthritis was similar to that in adult subjects with plaque psoriasis. Following subcutaneous administration of 100 mg of TREMFYA at Weeks 0, 4, and every 8 weeks thereafter, mean steady-state trough serum guselkumab concentration was approximately 1.2 mcg/mL.

Following subcutaneous maintenance dosing of 100 mg TREMFYA every 8 weeks or 200 mg TREMFYA every 4 weeks in adult subjects with ulcerative colitis, mean steady-state trough serum guselkumab concentrations were approximately 1.4 mcg/mL and 10.7 mcg/mL, respectively.

Following subcutaneous maintenance dosing of 100 mg TREMFYA every 8 weeks, or 200 mg TREMFYA every 4 weeks, in adult subjects with Crohn's disease mean steady-state trough serum guselkumab concentrations were approximately 1.2 mcg/mL and 10.1 mcg/mL, respectively.

Absorption

Following a single 100 mg subcutaneous injection in healthy adult subjects, guselkumab reached a mean (± SD) maximum serum concentration of 8.09 ± 3.68 mcg/mL by approximately 5.5 days post dose. The absolute bioavailability of guselkumab following a single 100 mg subcutaneous injection was estimated to be approximately 49% in healthy adult subjects.

Following the recommended intravenous induction dose regimen of TREMFYA 200 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8, mean (± SD) peak serum guselkumab concentration at Week 8 was 68.3 ± 17.3 mcg/mL in adult subjects with ulcerative colitis.

Following the recommended subcutaneous induction dose regimen of TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8, mean (± SD) peak serum guselkumab concentration was estimated to be 28.8 ± 8.8 mcg/mL in adult subjects with ulcerative colitis. The total systemic exposure (AUC) after the recommended induction dose regimen was similar following subcutaneous and intravenous induction.

Following the recommended intravenous induction dose regimen of TREMFYA 200 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8, mean (± SD) peak serum guselkumab concentration at Week 8 was 70.5 ± 24.5 mcg/mL in adult subjects with Crohn's disease.

Following the recommended subcutaneous induction dose regimen of TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8, mean (± SD) peak serum guselkumab concentration was estimated to be 27.7 ± 9.1 mcg/mL in adult subjects with Crohn's disease. The total systemic exposure (AUC) after the recommended induction dose regimen was similar following subcutaneous and intravenous induction.

Distribution

In adult subjects with plaque psoriasis, apparent volume of distribution was 13.5 L. In adult subjects with ulcerative colitis, apparent volume of distribution at steady-state was 10.1 L. In adult subjects with Crohn's disease, apparent volume of distribution at steady-state was 11.4 L.

Elimination

Apparent clearance in adult subjects with plaque psoriasis was 0.516 L/day. Mean half-life of guselkumab was approximately 15 to 18 days in subjects with plaque psoriasis across trials.

The apparent clearance in adult subjects with ulcerative colitis was 0.531 L/day. Mean half-life of guselkumab was approximately 17 days in subjects with ulcerative colitis.

The apparent clearance in adult subjects with Crohn's disease was 0.568 L/day. Mean half-life of guselkumab was approximately 17 days in subjects with Crohn's disease.

Metabolism

The exact pathway through which guselkumab is metabolized has not been characterized. As a human IgG monoclonal antibody, guselkumab is expected to be degraded into small peptides and amino acids via catabolic pathways in the same manner as endogenous IgG.

Specific Populations

Geriatric Subjects

No apparent differences in clearance were observed in subjects ≥ 65 years of age compared to subjects < 65 years of age, suggesting no dose adjustment is needed for elderly subjects. Clearance and volume of distribution of guselkumab increases as body weight increases, however, observed clinical trial data indicate that dose adjustment for body weight is not warranted. No specific trials have been conducted to determine the effect of renal or hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of guselkumab.

Pediatric Subjects

In trial PsO5, steady-state serum concentrations of guselkumab were achieved by Week 20 in pediatric subjects 6 years of age and older with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Overall, the observed guselkumab trough concentrations in pediatric subjects 6 years of age and older and also weighing at least 40 kg with plaque psoriasis were within range of those observed for adult subjects with plaque psoriasis and adult subjects with psoriatic arthritis after administration of TREMFYA.

Drug Interactions

Population pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that concomitant use of NSAIDs, oral corticosteroids and conventional DMARDs such as methotrexate (MTX), azathioprine (AZA), and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), did not affect the clearance of guselkumab.

Cytochrome P450 Substrates

The effects of guselkumab on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam (metabolized by CYP3A4), warfarin (metabolized by CYP2C9), omeprazole (metabolized by CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (metabolized by CYP2D6), and caffeine (metabolized by CYP1A2) were evaluated in an exploratory study with 6 to 12 evaluable subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Changes in AUC_inf of midazolam, S-warfarin, omeprazole, and caffeine after a single dose of guselkumab were not clinically relevant. For dextromethorphan, changes in AUC_inf after guselkumab were not clinically relevant in 9 out of 10 subjects; however, a 2.9-fold change in AUC_inf was observed in one individual [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].

12.6 Immunogenicity

The observed incidence of anti-drug antibodies is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Differences in assay methods preclude meaningful comparisons of the incidence of anti-drug antibodies in the studies described below with the incidence of anti-drug antibodies in other studies, including those of guselkumab or of other guselkumab products.

Plaque Psoriasis

Adult Subjects

Up to Week 52, approximately 6% of adult subjects treated with TREMFYA developed antidrug antibodies. Of the subjects who developed antidrug antibodies, approximately 7% had antibodies that were classified as neutralizing antibodies. Among the 46 subjects who developed antibodies to guselkumab and had evaluable data, 21 subjects exhibited lower trough levels of guselkumab, including one subjects who experienced loss of efficacy after developing high antibody titers. Up to Week 156, approximately 9% of subjects treated with TREMFYA developed antidrug antibodies and of these subjects approximately 6% were classified as neutralizing antibodies. However, antibodies to guselkumab were generally not associated with changes in clinical response or development of injection-site reactions.

Pediatric Subjects

Up to Week 44, 18% (n=21/114) of pediatric subjects 6 years of age and older treated with TREMFYA developed anti-drug antibodies, none of the anti-drug antibodies were classified as neutralizing. The development of antibodies to guselkumab did not impact the pharmacokinetics of guselkumab and was not associated with changes in clinical response or development of injection-site reactions. However, the small number of subjects who were positive for antibodies to guselkumab limits definitive conclusions.

Psoriatic Arthritis

Up to Week 24 in trials PsA1 and PsA2, 2% (15/744) of adult subjects treated with TREMFYA developed antidrug antibodies. Of these subjects, 7% (1/15) had antibodies that were classified as neutralizing antibodies. Overall, the small number of subjects who were positive for antibodies to guselkumab limits definitive conclusion of the effect of immunogenicity on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of guselkumab.

Ulcerative Colitis

Up to Week 56 in trials UC1, UC2 and UC3, 11% (48/435) of adult subjects treated with TREMFYA at the recommended dosages developed antidrug antibodies. Of these subjects who tested positive for anti-guselkumab antibodies and were evaluable for neutralizing antibodies, 16% (6/38) had antibodies that were classified as neutralizing antibodies. Two subjects with the highest antibody titers exhibited low trough levels of guselkumab. Up to Week 24 in UC4, 9% (24/279) of subjects treated with TREMFYA developed antidrug antibodies. Of the subjects who tested positive for anti-guselkumab antibodies and were evaluable for neutralizing antibodies 13% (2/16) had antibodies that were classified as neutralizing antibodies. There was no identified clinically significant effect of antidrug antibodies on injection site reactions, or effectiveness of guselkumab, over the treatment duration of 56 weeks (trials UC1, UC2 and UC3) or 24 weeks (trial UC4).

Crohn's Disease

Up to Week 48 in trials CD1, CD2, and CD4; 5% (30/634) of adult subjects treated with a recommended dosage of TREMFYA developed antidrug antibodies. Of the subjects who tested positive for anti-guselkumab antibodies and were evaluable for neutralizing antibodies, 5% (1/22) had antibodies that were classified as neutralizing antibodies. Up to Week 48 in CD3, 9% (24/273) of subjects treated with TREMFYA developed antidrug antibodies. Of the subjects who tested positive for anti-guselkumab antibodies and were evaluable for neutralizing antibodies, none had antibodies that were classified as neutralizing antibodies. There were no identified clinically significant effects of antidrug antibodies on pharmacokinetics, injection site reactions, or effectiveness of guselkumab, over the treatment duration of 48 weeks.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Animal studies have not been conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic or mutagenic potential of TREMFYA.

No effects on fertility parameters were observed after male guinea pigs were subcutaneously administered guselkumab at a dose of 25 mg/kg twice weekly (6 times the exposure (AUC) in humans administered 200 mg intravenously and 5 times the exposure (AUC) at the 400 mg subcutaneous dose).

No effects on fertility parameters were observed after female guinea pigs were subcutaneously administered guselkumab at doses up to 100 mg/kg twice weekly (12 times the exposure (AUC) in humans administered 200 mg intravenously and 10 times the exposure (AUC) at the 400 mg subcutaneous dose).

14.1 Clinical Studies in Plaque Psoriasis

Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis

Four multicenter, randomized, double-blind trials (PsO1 [NCT02207231], PsO2 [NCT02207244], PsO3 [NCT02203032], and PsO4 [NCT02905331]) enrolled subjects 18 years of age and older with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who were eligible for systemic therapy or phototherapy. Subjects had an Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score of ≥3 ("moderate") on a 5-point scale of overall disease severity, a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score ≥12, and a minimum affected body surface area (BSA) of 10%. Subjects with guttate, erythrodermic, or pustular psoriasis were excluded.

Trials PsO1 and PsO2

In trials PsO1 and PsO2, 1443 subjects were randomized to either TREMFYA (100 mg at Weeks 0 and 4 and every 8 weeks thereafter) administered with a prefilled syringe, placebo or U.S. licensed adalimumab (80 mg at Week 0 and 40 mg at Week 1, followed by 40 mg every other week thereafter).

Both trials assessed the responses at Week 16 compared to placebo for the two co-primary endpoints:

Comparisons between TREMFYA and U.S. licensed adalimumab were secondary endpoints at the following time points:

Other evaluated outcomes included improvement in psoriasis symptoms assessed on the Psoriasis Symptoms and Signs Diary (PSSD) and improvements in psoriasis of the scalp at Week 16.

In both trials, subjects were predominantly men and White, with a mean age of 44 years and a mean weight of 90 kg. At baseline, subjects had a median affected BSA of approximately 21%, a median PASI score of 19, and 18% had a history of psoriatic arthritis. Approximately 24% of subjects had an IGA score of 4 ("severe"). In both trials, 23% had received prior biologic systemic therapy.

Clinical Response

Table 5 presents the efficacy results at Week 16 in trials PsO1 and PsO2.

Table 6 presents the results of an analysis of all the North America sites (i.e., U.S. and Canada), demonstrating superiority of TREMFYA to U.S. licensed adalimumab.

An improvement was seen in psoriasis involving the scalp in subjects randomized to TREMFYA compared to placebo at Week 16.

Examination of age, gender, race, body weight, and previous treatment with systemic or biologic agents did not identify differences in response to TREMFYA among these subgroups.

Maintenance and Durability of Response

To evaluate maintenance and durability of response (trial PsO2), subjects randomized to TREMFYA at Week 0 and who were PASI 90 responders at Week 28 were re-randomized to either continue treatment with TREMFYA every 8 weeks or be withdrawn from therapy (i.e., receive placebo).

At Week 48, 89% of subjects who continued on TREMFYA maintained PASI 90 compared to 37% of subjects who were re-randomized to placebo and withdrawn from TREMFYA. For responders at Week 28 who were re-randomized to placebo and withdrawn from TREMFYA, the median time to loss of PASI 90 was approximately 15 weeks.

Patient Reported Outcomes

Greater improvements in symptoms of psoriasis (itch, pain, stinging, burning and skin tightness) at Week 16 in TREMFYA compared to placebo were observed in both trials based on the Psoriasis Symptoms and Signs Diary (PSSD). Greater proportions of subjects on TREMFYA compared to U.S. licensed adalimumab achieved a PSSD symptom score of 0 (symptom-free) at Week 24 in both trials.

Trial PsO3

Trial PsO3 [NCT02203032] evaluated the efficacy of 24 weeks of treatment with TREMFYA in subjects (N=268) who had not achieved an adequate response, defined as IGA ≥2 at Week 16 after initial treatment with U.S. licensed ustekinumab (dosed 45 mg or 90 mg according to the subject's baseline weight at Week 0 and Week 4). These subjects were randomized to either continue with U.S. licensed ustekinumab treatment every 12 weeks or switch to TREMFYA 100 mg at Weeks 16, 20, and every 8 weeks thereafter. Baseline characteristics for randomized subjects were similar to those observed in PsO1 and PsO2.

In subjects with an inadequate response (IGA ≥2 at Week 16 to U.S. licensed ustekinumab), greater proportions of subjects on TREMFYA compared to U.S. licensed ustekinumab achieved an IGA score of 0 or 1 with a ≥2 grade improvement at Week 28 (31% vs. 14%, respectively; 12 weeks after randomization).

Trial PsO4

Trial PsO4 [NCT02905331] evaluated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of TREMFYA administered with the One-Press injector. In this trial, 78 subjects were randomized to receive either TREMFYA (100 mg at Weeks 0 and 4 and every 8 weeks thereafter) [N=62], or placebo [N=16]. Baseline characteristics for subjects were comparable to those observed in trials PsO1 and PsO2. The co-primary endpoints were the same as those for trials PsO1 and PsO2. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of subjects who achieved an IGA score of 0 at Week 16 and the proportion of subjects who achieved a PASI 100 response at Week 16.

A greater proportion of subjects in the guselkumab group achieved an IGA score of 0 or 1 or a PASI 90 response at Week 16 (81% and 76%, respectively) than in the placebo group (0% for both endpoints). The proportion of subjects who achieved an IGA score of 0 at Week 16 was higher in the guselkumab group compared to the placebo group (56% vs. 0%). The proportion of subjects who achieved a PASI 100 response at Week 16 was higher in the guselkumab group compared to the placebo group (50% vs. 0%).

Pediatric Subjects with Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis

Trial PsO5

One multicenter, randomized, placebo and active biological comparator-controlled trial (PsO5 [NCT03451851]) enrolled 120 subjects 6 years to 17 years of age with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who were candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy and inadequately controlled by phototherapy and/or topical therapies.

In trial PsO5, 92 subjects were randomized to receive subcutaneous injection of either TREMFYA (N=41) or placebo (N=25) at Weeks 0, 4, and 12 or an active biological comparator (N=26). An additional 28 subjects enrolled in a TREMFYA open-label arm. Subjects with a body weight of 70 kg or more received 100 mg of TREMFYA. Subjects with a body weight less than 70 kg received doses according to their weight.

Subjects had an IGA score of ≥3 ("moderate") on a 5-point scale of overall disease severity, a PASI ≥12, and a minimum affected BSA of ≥10%, and at least one of the following: 1) very thick lesions, 2) clinically relevant facial, genital, or hand/foot involvement, 3) PASI ≥20, 4) BSA >20%, or 5) IGA=4 ("severe"). Subjects with guttate, erythrodermic, or pustular psoriasis were excluded.

Of the 92 subjects in the controlled part of the trial, 55% of subjects were male, 85% were White, 4% were Asian, and 4% were Black or African American. For ethnicity, 95% of subjects identified as Not Hispanic or Latino and 5% of subjects identified as Hispanic or Latino. Subjects had a mean body weight of 57 kg, a mean age of 13 years, and a third of the subjects were less than 12 years of age. At baseline, subjects had a median affected BSA of 20%, a median PASI score of 17, and 3% had a history of psoriatic arthritis. Approximately 22% of subjects had an IGA score of 4 ("severe"). Prior phototherapy or prior conventional systemic therapy was received by 32% of subjects and prior biologic systemic therapy was received by 10% of subjects.

The responses at Week 16 were compared to placebo for the two co-primary endpoints:

Other evaluated outcomes included the proportion of subjects who achieved PASI 75, IGA score of 0 ("cleared") and PASI 100 at Week 16.

Clinical Response

Table 7 presents the efficacy results at Week 16 in trial PsO5.

14.2 Clinical Studies in Adults with Active Psoriatic Arthritis

The safety and efficacy of TREMFYA were assessed in 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (PsA1 [NCT03162796], PsA2 [NCT03158285], and PsA3 [NCT04882098]) in adult subjects with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (≥3 swollen joints, ≥3 tender joints, and a C-reactive protein (CRP) level of ≥0.3 mg/dL in PsA1 and PsA3 and ≥5 swollen joints, ≥5 tender joints, and a CRP level of ≥0.6 mg/dL in PsA2) who had inadequate response to standard therapies (e.g., conventional DMARDs [cDMARDs]), apremilast, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]). Subjects in these trials had a diagnosis of PsA for at least 6 months based on the Classification criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) and a median duration of PsA of 4 years at baseline (PsA1 and PsA2) and 5 years at baseline (PsA3).

In trial PsA1, approximately 31% of subjects had been previously treated with up to 2 anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) agents whereas in trial PsA2, all subjects were biologic naïve. Approximately 58% of subjects from both trials had concomitant methotrexate (MTX) use. Subjects with different subtypes of PsA were enrolled in both trials, including polyarticular arthritis with the absence of rheumatoid nodules (40%), spondylitis with peripheral arthritis (30%), asymmetric peripheral arthritis (23%), distal interphalangeal involvement (7%) and arthritis mutilans (1%). At baseline, over 65% and 42% of the subjects had enthesitis and dactylitis, respectively and 79% had ≥3% body surface area (BSA) psoriasis skin involvement. In trial PsA3, enrolled subjects were biologic naïve with ≥2 joints with erosions. Approximately 60% of subjects had concomitant methotrexate (MTX) use. The most common primary PsA subtype was polyarticular arthritis with absence of rheumatoid nodules (50%) followed by asymmetric peripheral arthritis (30%).

In trials PsA1 and PsA2, efficacy was evaluated in 381 and 739 subjects, respectively, who were treated with placebo SC, TREMFYA 100 mg SC at Weeks 0, 4 and every 8 weeks (q8w) thereafter, or TREMFYA 100 mg SC every 4 weeks (q4w). In trial PsA3, efficacy was evaluated in 1020 subjects who were treated with placebo SC, TREMFYA 100 mg SC at Weeks 0, 4 and every 8 weeks (q8w) thereafter, or TREMFYA 100 mg SC every 4 weeks (q4w). The primary endpoint in all trials was the percentage of subjects achieving an ACR20 response at Week 24.

Clinical Response

In trials PsA1 and PsA2, subjects treated with TREMFYA 100 mg q8w demonstrated a greater clinical response including ACR20, compared with placebo at Week 24 (Tables 8 and 9). Similar responses were seen regardless of prior anti-TNFα exposure in PsA1, and similar responses were seen regardless of concomitant cDMARD use, previous treatment with cDMARDs, gender and body weight in PsA1 and PsA2.

Consistent with trials PsA1 and PsA2, subjects in trial PsA3 showed a greater ACR20 response when treated with TREMFYA 100 mg q8w compared with placebo at Week 16 (65% vs. 41%) and Week 24 (68% vs. 47%).

The percentage of subjects achieving ACR20 response in PsA2 by visit is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Percentage of Adult Subjects with Active Psoriatic Arthritis Achieving ACR 20 Response by Visit Through Week 24 in Trial PsA2

The results of the components of the ACR response criteria are shown in Table 10.

Treatment with TREMFYA resulted in an improvement in the skin manifestations of psoriasis in subjects with PsA.

Treatment with TREMFYA resulted in improvement in dactylitis and enthesitis in subjects with pre-existing dactylitis or enthesitis.

Radiographic Response

In trials PsA2 and PsA3, structural damage progression was measured radiographically and expressed as the mean change from baseline in the total modified van der Heijde-Sharp (vdH-S) score at Week 24 (Table 11). In trial PsA2, the mean change from baseline in total modified vdH-S score was numerically lower in the TREMFYA q8w group compared with placebo. In trial PsA3, the mean change from baseline in total modified vdH-S score was statistically lower in the TREMFYA q8w group compared with placebo. The percentage of subjects with no radiographic progression (defined as a change from baseline in total modified vdH-S score of less than or equal to 0) from randomization to Week 24 was 63.5% and 64.7% for TREMFYA q8w and placebo groups, respectively, in PsA2, and 62.8% and 53.0% for TREMFYA q8w and placebo groups, respectively, in PsA3.

Physical Function

TREMFYA-treated subjects in the TREMFYA 100 mg q8w group in both trials PsA1 and PsA2 showed greater mean improvement from baseline in physical function compared with subjects treated with placebo as assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) at Weeks 16 and 24. In both trials, the proportion of HAQ-DI responders (≥0.35 improvement in HAQ-DI score) was greater in the TREMFYA q8w dose group compared with placebo at Weeks 16 and 24.

Other Health-Related Outcomes

General health status was assessed by the Short Form health survey (SF-36). At Week 24, subjects in the TREMFYA 100 mg q8w dose group in both trials PsA1 and PsA2 showed greater improvement from baseline in the SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) compared with placebo. There was not a statistically significant improvement observed in the SF-36 MCS. At Week 24, there was numerical improvement in the physical functioning, role-physical, bodily-pain, general health, social-functioning and vitality domains but not in the role-emotional and mental health domains. Fatigue was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue score (FACIT-F) in trials PsA1 and PsA2. Treatment with TREMFYA resulted in improvement in fatigue as measured by FACIT-F.

14.3 Clinical Studies in Adults with Ulcerative Colitis

The efficacy and safety of TREMFYA was assessed in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (UC1, UC2, and UC 4) that enrolled adult subjects with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Disease activity was assessed by the modified Mayo score (mMS), a 3-component Mayo score (0 –9) which consists of the following subscores (0 to 3 for each subscore): stool frequency (SFS), rectal bleeding (RBS), and findings on centrally reviewed endoscopy (ES). An ES of 2 was defined by marked erythema, lack of vascular pattern, friability, and/or erosions; an ES of 3 was defined by spontaneous bleeding and ulceration. Enrolled subjects with a mMS between 5 and 9 and an ES of 2 or 3 were classified as having moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Subjects with inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance to corticosteroids, immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine), biologic therapy (TNF blockers, vedolizumab), and/or Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors were enrolled. In UC4, subjects with inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance to sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRM) were also enrolled.

Induction Trial: UC1

In the 12-week induction trial (UC1; NCT04033445), 701 adult subjects with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis were randomized 3:2 to receive either TREMFYA 200 mg or placebo by intravenous infusion at Week 0, Week 4, and Week 8.

At baseline in trial UC1, the median mMS was 7, 64% of subjects had severely active disease (mMS ≥7), and 68% of subjects had an ES of 3. In trial UC1, 49% of subjects had previously failed (inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance) treatment with at least one biologic therapy and/or JAK inhibitor, 48% were biologic and JAK inhibitor naïve, and 3% had previously received but not failed a biologic or JAK inhibitor. The median age was 39 years (ranging from 18 to 79 years); 43% were female; and 72% identified as White, 21% as Asian, 1% as Black or African American, <1% as American Indian or Alaskan Native, and <1% as multiple racial groups.

Enrolled subjects were permitted to use stable doses of oral aminosalicylates, immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate), and/or oral corticosteroids (up to 20 mg/day prednisone or equivalent). At baseline, 72% of subjects were receiving aminosalicylates, 21% of subjects were receiving immunomodulators, and 43% of subjects were receiving corticosteroids. Concomitant biologic therapies or JAK inhibitors were not permitted.

In trial UC1, the primary endpoint was clinical remission at Week 12 as defined by the mMS. Secondary endpoints at Week 12 included endoscopic improvement, clinical response, and histologic endoscopic mucosal improvement (see Table 12).

Trial UC1 was not designed to evaluate the relationship of histologic endoscopic mucosal improvement at Week 12 to disease progression and long-term outcomes.

Rectal Bleeding and Stool Frequency Subscores

Decreases in rectal bleeding and stool frequency subscores were observed as early as Week 4 in subjects treated with intravenous TREMFYA compared to placebo.

Endoscopic Assessment

Normalization of the endoscopic appearance of the mucosa (endoscopic remission) was defined as ES of 0. At Week 12 of UC1, a greater proportion of subjects treated with TREMFYA compared to placebo-treated subjects achieved endoscopic remission (15% vs 5%).

Fatigue Response

In trial UC1, subjects treated with TREMFYA experienced a clinically meaningful improvement in fatigue, assessed by the PROMIS-Fatigue Short form 7a, at Week 12, compared to placebo-treated subjects. The effect of TREMFYA to improve fatigue after 12 weeks of induction has not been established.

Maintenance Trial: UC2

The maintenance trial (UC2) evaluated 568 subjects who received one of two intravenous TREMFYA induction regimens, including the recommended 200 mg regimen, for 12 weeks in trials UC1 or UC3 (induction dose-finding study) and demonstrated clinical response per mMS after 12 weeks. Subjects were re-randomized to receive a subcutaneous maintenance regimen of either TREMFYA 100 mg every 8 weeks, TREMFYA 200 mg every 4 weeks, or placebo for up to an additional 44 weeks.

In trial UC2, 42% of subjects had failed (inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance) treatment with one or more biologics or JAK inhibitors.

The primary endpoint was clinical remission at Week 44 defined by mMS. Secondary endpoints included corticosteroid-free clinical remission, endoscopic improvement, histologic endoscopic mucosal improvement, all at Week 44 and maintenance of clinical remission at Week 44 in subjects who achieved clinical remission 12 weeks after intravenous TREMFYA induction treatment (see Table 13).

Trial UC2 was not designed to evaluate the relationship of histologic endoscopic mucosal improvement at Week 44 to disease progression and long-term outcomes.

Endoscopic Assessment

Normalization of the endoscopic appearance of the mucosa (endoscopic remission) was defined as ES of 0. In UC2, greater proportions of subjects treated with TREMFYA 100 mg every 8 weeks or TREMFYA 200 mg every 4 weeks achieved endoscopic remission at Week 44 compared to placebo-treated subjects (35% and 34%, respectively, vs. 15%).

Trial UC4

In trial UC4 (NCT05528510), subjects with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis were randomized 1:1:1 to receive TREMFYA 400 mg subcutaneous induction at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by TREMFYA 200 mg subcutaneous maintenance every 4 weeks beginning at Week 12; TREMFYA 400 mg subcutaneous induction at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by TREMFYA 100 mg subcutaneous maintenance every 8 weeks beginning at Week 16; or placebo. Efficacy was evaluated in 395 randomized subjects.

At baseline in trial UC4, the median mMS was 7; 65% of subjects had severely active disease (mMS ≥7), and 59% of subjects had an ES of 3. A total of 41% of subjects had previously failed treatment with at least one biologic therapy, JAK inhibitor, and/or S1PRM, 57% were biologic, JAK inhibitor, and S1PRM naïve, and 2% had previously received but had not failed a biologic, JAK inhibitor, or S1PRM. The median age of subjects was 40 years (ranging from 18 to 80 years); 39% were female; and 64% identified as White, 30% as Asian, and 3% as Black or African American.

Enrolled subjects were permitted to use stable doses of oral aminosalicylates, immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate), and/or oral corticosteroids (up to 20 mg/day prednisone or equivalent). At baseline, 78% of subjects were receiving aminosalicylates, 21% of subjects were receiving immunomodulators, and 33% of subjects were receiving corticosteroids. Concomitant biologic therapies, JAK inhibitors, or S1PRMs were not permitted.

In trial UC4, the primary endpoint was clinical remission at Week 12 as defined by the mMS. Secondary endpoints at Week 12 included endoscopic improvement, clinical response, and histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement. Secondary endpoints at Week 24 included clinical remission and endoscopic improvement. The results of analyses of multiplicity-controlled efficacy endpoints in trial UC4 are shown in Table 14.

Rectal Bleeding and Stool Frequency Subscores

Decreases in rectal bleeding and stool frequency subscores were observed as early as Week 3 in subjects treated with subcutaneous TREMFYA compared to placebo.

Endoscopic Assessment

Normalization of the endoscopic appearance of the mucosa (endoscopic remission) was defined as ES of 0. At Week 12 of UC4, a greater proportion of subjects treated with TREMFYA compared to placebo-treated subjects achieved endoscopic remission (16% vs 2%). Greater proportions of subjects treated with TREMFYA 100 mg every 8 weeks or TREMFYA 200 mg every 4 weeks achieved endoscopic remission at Week 24 compared to placebo-treated subjects (20% and 27%, respectively, vs 3%).

14.4 Clinical Studies in Adults with Crohn's Disease

The efficacy and safety of TREMFYA were assessed in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that enrolled adult subjects with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease who had a history of inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance to oral corticosteroids, immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate), and/or biologic therapy (TNF blockers or vedolizumab). Moderately to severely active Crohn's disease was defined as a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score of ≥220 and a Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) of ≥6 (or ≥4 for subjects with isolated ileal disease). Subjects were permitted to use stable doses of oral corticosteroids (prednisone ≤40 mg/day or equivalent), immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate), and/or aminosalicylates.

Trials CD1 and CD2

In trial CD1 (NCT03466411), 361 subjects were randomized to receive intravenous TREMFYA 200 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 (N = 285) or placebo (N = 76). The median age of subjects enrolled into trial CD1 was 33 years (range: 18 – 83 years); 46% were female; and 75% identified as White, 22% as Asian, 1% as Black or African American, <1% as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 2% did not report their racial group. The median baseline CDAI score was 285 (range: 220 – 442), and the median baseline SES-CD score was 11 (range: 4 – 39). Of the randomized subjects, 52% of subjects had previously failed (inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance) treatment with at least one biologic therapy, 43% were biologic-naïve, and 6% had previously received but had not failed a biologic. At baseline, 37% of subjects were receiving oral corticosteroids and 30% of subjects were receiving immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate).

In trial CD2 (NCT03466411), 360 subjects were randomized to receive intravenous TREMFYA 200 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 (N = 288) or placebo (N = 72). The median age of subjects enrolled into trial CD2 was 33 years (range:18 – 72 years); 39% were female; and 73% identified as White, 23% as Asian, 1% as Black or African American, <1% as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 2% did not report their racial group. The median baseline CDAI score was 286 (range: 220 – 442) and the median baseline SES-CD score was 11 (range: 4 – 42). Of the randomized subjects, 52% of subjects had previously failed (inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance) treatment with at least one biologic therapy, 41% were biologic-naïve, and 7% had previously received but had not failed a biologic. At baseline, 36% of the subjects were receiving oral corticosteroids and 31% of the subjects were receiving immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate).

The results of efficacy endpoints at Week 12 for CD1 and CD2 trials are shown in Table 15.

Stool Frequency and Abdominal Pain

Greater reductions in stool frequency and abdominal pain were observed as early as Week 4 in subjects treated with intravenous TREMFYA compared to placebo.

Trial CD3

In trial CD3, 340 subjects were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 100 mg every 8 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 16); subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 200 mg every 4 weeks (with the first dose given at Week 12); or placebo. The median age of subjects enrolled into trial CD3 was 36 years (range: 18 – 83 years); 41% were female; and 66% identified as White, 22% as Asian, 3% as Black or African American, and 9% did not report their racial group. The median baseline CDAI score was 291 (range: 220 – 447), and the median baseline SES-CD score was 10 (range: 4 – 40). Of the randomized subjects, 46% of subjects had previously failed (inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance) treatment with at least one biologic therapy, 47% were biologic naïve, and 7% had previously received but had not failed a biologic. At baseline, 30% of the subjects were receiving oral corticosteroids and 29% of the subjects were receiving immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate).

In trial CD3, the coprimary endpoints were clinical remission at Week 12 and endoscopic response at Week 12 compared to placebo. Additional efficacy endpoints included clinical response at Week 12, clinical remission at Week 24, clinical remission at Week 48, and endoscopic response at Week 48. The results of analyses of multiplicity-controlled efficacy endpoints in trial CD3 are shown in Table 16.

Stool Frequency and Abdominal Pain

Greater reductions in stool frequency and abdominal pain were observed as early as Week 4 in subjects treated with subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg compared to placebo.

Endoscopic Remission at Week 48

Endoscopic remission was defined as an SES-CD score ≤4 and at least a 2-point reduction from baseline and no subscore greater than 1 in any individual component. In trial CD3, a greater proportion of subjects treated with either TREMFYA regimen (i.e., subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 100 mg at Week 16 and every 8 weeks thereafter or subcutaneous TREMFYA 400 mg at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 followed by subcutaneous TREMFYA 200 mg at Week 12 and every 4 weeks thereafter) achieved endoscopic remission, compared to placebo-treated subjects (31% and 40%, respectively, vs. 6%).

Storage and Handling

TREMFYA is sterile and preservative-free. Discard any unused portion.